Наследување на објекти

Here is some clarification about PHP inheritance – there is a lot of bad information on the net.  PHP does support Multi-level inheritance.  (I tested it using version 5.2.9).  It does not support multiple inheritance.
 
This means that you cannot have one class extend 2 other classes (see the extends keyword).  However, you can have one class extend another, which extends another, and so on. 
 
Example:
 
<?php
class A {
        // more code here
}
 
class B extends A {
        // more code here
}
 
class C extends B {
        // more code here
}
 
 
$someObj = new A();  // no problems
$someOtherObj = new B(); // no problems
$lastObj = new C(); // still no problems
 
?>

I think the best way for beginners to understand inheritance is through a real example so here is a simple example I can gave to you 

<?php

class Person
{
    public $name;
    protected $age;
    private $phone;

    public function talk(){
        //Do stuff here
    }

    protected function walk(){
        //Do stuff here
    }

    private function swim(){
        //Do stuff here
    }
}

class Tom extends Person
{
    /*Since Tom class extends Person class this means 
        that class Tom is a child class and class person is 
        the parent class and child class will inherit all public 
        and protected members(properties and methods) from
        the parent class*/

     /*So class Tom will have these properties and methods*/

     //public $name;
     //protected $age;
     //public function talk(){}
     //protected function walk(){}

     //but it will not inherit the private members 
     //this is all what Object inheritance means
}

In case you have a public readonly property in a class you need to extend, adding other properties, this can be a way to do it:

<?php

class A {
    public function __construct(
        public readonly int $prop
    ) {}
}

class B extends A {
    public function __construct(
        int $prop,
        public readonly int $prop2
    ) {
        parent::__construct($prop);
    }
}
?>

The Idea that multiple inheritence is not supported is correct but with tratits this can be reviewed.

for e.g.
 
<?php
trait  custom
{
     public function hello()
     {
          echo "hello";
     }
}

trait custom2
{
       public function hello()
       {
            echo "hello2";
       }
}

class inheritsCustom
{
        use custom, custom2
        {
              custom2::hello insteadof custom;
        }
}

$obj = new inheritsCustom();
$obj->hello();
?>

You can force a class to be strictly an inheritable class by using the "abstract" keyword. When you define a class with abstract, any attempt to instantiate a separate instance of it will result in a fatal error. This is useful for situations like a base class where it would be inherited by multiple child classes yet you want to restrict the ability to instantiate it by itself.

Example........

<?php

abstract class Cheese
{
      //can ONLY be inherited by another class
}

class Cheddar extends Cheese
{
}

$dinner = new Cheese; //fatal error
$lunch = new Cheddar; //works!

?>

I was recently extending a PEAR class when I encountered a situation where I wanted to call a constructor two levels up the class hierarchy, ignoring the immediate parent.  In such a case, you need to explicitly reference the class name using the :: operator.

Fortunately, just like using the 'parent' keyword PHP correctly recognizes that you are calling the function from a protected context inside the object's class hierarchy.

E.g:

<?php
class foo
{
  public function something()
  {
    echo __CLASS__; // foo
    var_dump($this);
  }
}

class foo_bar extends foo
{
  public function something()
  {
    echo __CLASS__; // foo_bar
    var_dump($this);
  }
}

class foo_bar_baz extends foo_bar
{
  public function something()
  {
    echo __CLASS__; // foo_bar_baz
    var_dump($this);
  }

  public function call()
  {
    echo self::something(); // self
    echo parent::something(); // parent
    echo foo::something(); // grandparent
  }
}

error_reporting(-1);

$obj = new foo_bar_baz();
$obj->call();

// Output similar to:
// foo_bar_baz
// object(foo_bar_baz)[1]
// foo_bar
// object(foo_bar_baz)[1]
// foo
// object(foo_bar_baz)[1]

?>

Documentation says: Private methods of a parent class are not accessible to a child class. As a result, "child classes may reimplement a private method themselves without regard for normal inheritance rules."

So it is not very obvious what this will output:

<?php 
class Bar {
    private function one() {
        echo "Bar::one()\n";
    }
    public function run() {
        echo "Bar::run()\n";
        $this->one();
    }
}
class Foo extends Bar {
    private function one() {
        echo "Foo::one()\n";
    }
}
(new Foo())->run();
?>
Bar::run()
Bar::one()
 
A common sense next step would be to try make the method "one" in Foo public, 
but this does not work either if the caller is the parent class. 

For the parent to be able to direct the child class 
both need to be public or you must call the method explicitly on the child class: 
<?php
(new Foo())->one();
?>